Health and Wellness — K-12

Health and Wellness: Body Systems, Nutrition, Mental Health, and Documented Wellness Practice

Grades K-12  |  Aurora Curriculum Pack
Aurora Health standard: Wellness is documented — not assumed. The body is a system of systems. Understanding how those systems work, what they need, and what disrupts them is not optional knowledge — it is the foundation of self-governance. Documented health disparities (higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and maternal mortality in Black communities) are not the result of biology — they are documented consequences of documented social conditions including chronic stress, food access, housing, and healthcare quality. Health literacy is a civic skill.

Grade Band: K-3 — My Body, My Feelings, and Staying Healthy

Grades K-3
Part 1 — Body Parts and Their Jobs

Draw a simple outline of a body in the space below. Label these parts and write one thing each part DOES:

Draw your body outline and label: brain, heart, lungs, stomach, muscles, bones
Body partOne job it doesOne thing it needs to work well
Brain
Heart
Lungs
Stomach
Muscles
Bones
Part 2 — Food Groups: What My Body Uses

Color each food group a different color and write one food you like from each group:

Food groupWhat my body uses it forOne food I like from this groupColor
Fruits and vegetablesVitamins and minerals — help me fight sickness
Grains (bread, rice, oats)Energy — fuel for my brain and muscles
Protein (beans, meat, eggs, nuts)Building and repairing muscles
Dairy or calcium-rich foodsStrong bones and teeth
WaterEverything — no body process works without water
Part 3 — Feelings and My Body

Feelings happen in the body. Match each feeling to where you notice it in your body:

When I am nervous, I feel it in my: _______________________________________________

When I am happy, my body feels: _______________________________________________

When I am tired, my body tells me by: _______________________________________________

When I am angry, I notice: _______________________________________________

Name one thing that helps your body feel calm again when you are upset: _______________________________________________

Part 4 — Weekly Wellness Tracker
DayHours sleptGlasses of waterMovement (what and how long)One word for how I felt
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday

Recommended sleep for ages 6-12: 9-12 hours. My average this week: _______ hours. Did I meet the recommendation? _______

Aurora Pause — K-3

Charles Drew (1904-1950) was a Black surgeon and researcher who developed techniques for preserving blood and created the first blood banks — his documented work saved thousands of lives in World War II. Name one part of your body that blood travels to, and write one sentence about why Dr. Drew's work matters:


Grade Band: 4-7 — Body Systems, Nutrition Science, and Mental Health

Grades 4-7
Part 1 — The Major Body Systems and How They Interact
The body runs as interconnected systems — not separate parts:
Circulatory system: heart, blood vessels, blood — delivers oxygen and nutrients; removes waste
Respiratory system: lungs, airways — exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
Digestive system: mouth, stomach, intestines — breaks down food into usable nutrients
Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves — controls and coordinates everything
Musculoskeletal system: muscles and bones — movement, structure, protection
Immune system: white blood cells, lymph nodes — defends against disease
Endocrine system: glands, hormones — regulates growth, mood, metabolism, reproduction
Body systemMain functionWhat disrupts itWhat supports itConnection to another system
Circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Nervous
Immune
Part 2 — Nutrition Science: Macronutrients and Micronutrients
Macronutrients (needed in large amounts — provide energy):
Carbohydrates: 4 calories per gram. Primary energy source for the brain and muscles. Found in grains, fruits, vegetables, beans.
Protein: 4 calories per gram. Builds and repairs muscle and tissue. Found in meat, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, dairy.
Fats: 9 calories per gram. Essential for brain function, hormone production, absorbing fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Found in oils, nuts, avocado, fish.

Micronutrients (needed in small amounts — regulate body functions):
Vitamins and minerals. Deficiencies cause documented disease: iron deficiency = anemia; Vitamin D deficiency = bone weakness; Vitamin C deficiency = scurvy.

Analyze a meal you ate this week:

Meal: _______________________________________________

Food in this mealPrimary macronutrient it providesMicronutrient(s) if known

Was this meal balanced? What was well-represented? What was missing? _______________________________________________

Part 3 — Mental Health: The Science of Stress and Emotional Regulation
The stress response (fight-or-flight): When the brain perceives a threat, the adrenal glands release cortisol and adrenaline. Heart rate increases. Breathing quickens. Blood flows to muscles. This is designed for short-term threats — a predator, a collision. Chronic stress (ongoing, low-level threat from poverty, racism, family instability, or academic pressure) keeps these hormones elevated, which has documented long-term effects: disrupted sleep, suppressed immune function, increased blood pressure, and impaired memory and learning.

Emotional regulation is the skill of managing your body's stress response deliberately.
Emotional regulation strategyHow it works in the body (the science)When I have used or could use this
Deep, slow breathing (diaphragmatic)Activates the parasympathetic nervous system — "rest and digest" — lowers heart rate and cortisol
Physical exerciseReleases endorphins; reduces cortisol; improves sleep quality
Writing or journalingEngages the prefrontal cortex (reasoning brain), helping regulate the amygdala (emotional brain)
SleepBrain clears metabolic waste during sleep; consolidates memory; regulates emotional response
Social connectionReleases oxytocin, which reduces cortisol and blood pressure
Part 4 — Sleep Science

Recommended sleep (CDC documented standards): Ages 6-12: 9-12 hours. Ages 13-18: 8-10 hours. Adults 18+: 7-9 hours.

During sleep, the brain cycles through documented stages: light sleep, deep sleep (slow-wave sleep), and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Each stage has a function — deep sleep repairs tissue and strengthens immune function; REM sleep consolidates memory and regulates emotion.

My average sleep this week: _______ hours. Do I meet the recommendation for my age? _______

Name one documented way sleep deprivation affects learning (research: CDC, NIH, or American Academy of Sleep Medicine):

Aurora Pause — Grades 4-7

Documented fact: The American Heart Association (2023) reports that Black Americans are 30% more likely to die from heart disease than white Americans, and approximately 55% of Black adults have hypertension (high blood pressure). This is not genetic destiny — it is documented as the result of chronic stress (from racism, economic inequality, and housing instability), food access disparities, and lower rates of healthcare access. This is called "weathering" — documented by Dr. Arline Geronimus, a public health researcher. Name one body system that chronic stress disrupts (based on what you learned in Part 1) and explain the connection to the documented health disparity data above:


Grade Band: 8-12 — Health Disparities, Exercise Science, and Personal Health Plan

Grades 8-12
Part 1 — The FITT Principle: Designing an Evidence-Based Exercise Program
FITT stands for:
Frequency: how often you exercise (days per week)
Intensity: how hard you work (light, moderate, vigorous — measured by heart rate or perceived exertion)
Time: how long each session lasts
Type: what kind of exercise (cardio, strength, flexibility, balance)

CDC-documented recommendation for ages 13-17: 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity daily. Adults 18+: 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week, plus 2 days of muscle-strengthening.

Design a one-week exercise program using the FITT principle for your age group:

DayType of exerciseIntensity (light/moderate/vigorous)DurationWhy you chose this
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

Total moderate + vigorous minutes per week: _______    Does this meet the CDC recommendation? _______

Part 2 — Reading and Interpreting Nutritional Data

Find the nutrition facts label for a food you eat regularly. Record the data:

NutrientAmount per serving% Daily ValueAdequate / Over / Under?
Total Fat
Saturated Fat (limit)
Sodium (limit — goal: under 2,300mg/day)
Total Carbohydrate
Dietary Fiber (goal: 25-38g/day)
Added Sugars (limit — goal: under 25-36g/day)
Protein

Serving size listed: _______    How many servings do you typically eat at once? _______    Multiply all values by _______ for your actual intake.

Is this food something you would recommend to a younger sibling? Make a specific evidence-based claim: _______________________________________________

Part 3 — Documented Health Disparities: Research and Analysis
Documented health disparities by race in the United States (CDC data, 2023): Black Americans have the highest rates of hypertension (55%), diabetes (12.7%), and maternal mortality (2.6x the rate of white women) of any racial group. These are NOT genetic — they are documented by public health researchers as outcomes of chronic stress, food deserts, healthcare access disparities, and historical disinvestment. This field of study is called "social determinants of health."

Choose one documented health disparity and research it using the CDC (cdc.gov), NIH (nih.gov), or American Public Health Association (apha.org):

Disparity you researched: _______________________________________________

Documented rate in Black/Brown community vs. white community: _______________________________________________

Source (URL or publication name): _______________________________________________

Name two documented social determinants of health that researchers have linked to this disparity (not genetics — documented social conditions):

1. _______________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________

Write one claim about what this documented disparity tells you about the relationship between structural inequality and individual health outcomes:

Part 4 — Personal Health Assessment and 30-Day Plan

Based on everything you have learned, complete an honest self-assessment:

Health domainCurrent documented habitTarget (evidence-based goal)One specific change for the next 30 days
Sleepavg _____ hrs/night_____ hrs (age-appropriate)
Physical activity_____ min/week_____ min/week (CDC)
Water intake_____ glasses/day8+ glasses/day
Fruit and vegetable intake_____ servings/day5+ servings/day
Stress managementCurrent strategy:Evidence-based strategy:
Aurora Pause — Grades 8-12

Dr. Harriet Washington documented in her book "Medical Apartheid" (2006) that Black Americans have been subjected to documented non-consensual medical experimentation throughout American history — from enslaved people used in surgical practice without anesthesia, to the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932-1972), in which Black men with syphilis were deliberately denied treatment so the federal government could study the untreated disease progression. This documented history has produced documented medical mistrust in Black communities — a rational response to documented harm. Write one paragraph: how does documented medical mistrust intersect with documented health disparities? What responsibility do public health institutions have to address that history before asking communities to trust them? Make a specific claim supported by at least one documented fact: